PUBLICATIONS

A Welcome Adaptation

Article presented in the WORLD FERTILIZER magazine, September 2021 issue, looking at how heat exchanger design can be adapted for use in nitric acid units to achieve energy savings.

A Digital Twin

Article presented in the WORLD FERTILIZER magazine, September 2018 issue, in collaboration with INPROCESS (Spain), to present a dynamic tool (OTS) that acts as a Digital Twin of a real Nitric Acid Plant, providing End Users with a training tool valid for engineers and operators.

The Challenge of Modular Design

The challenge of Modular Design for a Nitric Acid and Technical Ammonium Nitrate Project in Australia, due to remote site location in order to reduce construction manpower costs.

Harnessing Power from Plant synergies

The installation of a power generator linked to the Nitric Acid Compressor Train to produce enough energy to operate the ANNA Complex as an island and improvements in Ammonium Nitrate neutralizer reactors.

Highlights in Production Costs of the Dual Process for Nitric Acid

A sound comparison of the unitary consumptions, through a complete year, between the Dual Process for Nitric Acid manufacturing in front of the Mono Pressure Process, in the case of large plants.

ESPINDESA Pipe Reactors, 30 Years Experience in Operation

General overview of the ESPINDESA NPK and DAP Technologies and experiences are presented: reduced recycle ratio with ESPINDESA Pipe Reactor; and granulator without ammonia spargers can be designed even for DAP production.

Nitric Acid Baby Plant

ESPINDESA presented during the ANNA Conference 2016 the challenges of specific problems that took place during the development of the project for a diluted / concentrated a nitric acid plant of very small capacity.

Prilled Ammonium Nitrate: shifting from LDAN to HDAN

This presentation shown on the ANNA Conference 2016 summarizes the main features of ESPINDESA HDAN/LDAN Dual technology used in for EUROCHEM in its new Prilled Ammonium Nitrate Plant installed at its existing site in Novomoskovsk, Russia.

Tendencies in Nitric Acid Projects

Article presented in the WORLD FERTILIZER magazine, July/August 2018 issue (p.53), that provides a detailed look at the tendencies in the development of nitric acid projects in the last 15 years.

Better Nitric Acid plant Start-Ups

Article presented in the NITROGEN+SYNGAS magazine No.357, that summarizes several options regarding operating procedures and design alternatives used by ESPINDESA to improve the start-up and shutdown of nitric acid units.